Luke, the simplest way to check the motor is to touch the motor leads to a 12 volt battery and see if it runs. If it doesn't then you need to bring it to an electric motor rebuild shop and they will machine check the windings to make sure they are OK. If they are OK then it is a matter of cleaning the comutator. That can be done in a drill press. If you get to that point and are having problems email me(its in my profile) and I'll see what I can do to help you out. I don't have a lathe either, but really had no problems with the motor. I do have a local shop that can check the windings, so we could do the "you mail to me, I get it checked, I mail to you" thing.
Anyhow, I will be happy to help you over that particular restoration hump.
Cheers, Tinkerman