You could go either of two ways- abrasive or chemical methods.
I suspect that the abrasive methods like wire/abrasive wheels or media blasting would affect the finish. You may not want that, then the chemicals may be more suitable. I think the media blasting would be by far the better of the abrasive methods, particularly where the surface isn't smooth. If its acceptable then you might try having a small spot blasted with some non-aggressive material to see how it comes out. The alternative would be to use a chemical remover and some of these can be very effective. I can't comment on what's widely available in the US but here I've found that preparations using active chemical ingredients of Dichloromethane & Methanol work best. Again, try it on a small spot and see how well it works. Note too that if your wheels have a finish coating or sealer this stuff will most likely remove that too. You'd then need to re-finish them.
Another alternative would just be to paint or powder-coat them silver....
Note, though, that I've not done any alloy wheels- just steel ones (and blasting is the only way to go for wire rims IMHO), and I have done alloy shrouds (think thin and sensitive) using the chemicals.